Science The Hub

The Science of Longevity.

Where the research stops being theoretical.

Ageing is no longer a mystery. The published research has identified the specific biological mechanisms that drive it, and the precise interventions that slow them. This is the hub. The deep-dives sit underneath.

The Hallmarks The Pathways The Research
What Longevity Science Is

A Discipline. Not A Wellness Trend.

The field has moved from speculation to mechanism.

Longevity science (or geroscience, the technical name) is the study of the biological processes that drive ageing, and the interventions that demonstrably slow them. It sits at the intersection of molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and clinical medicine, and is now actively researched at institutions including Harvard Medical School, the Buck Institute, Cambridge, MIT, and Washington University.

The field changed substantially in 2013, when López-Otín and colleagues published The Hallmarks of Aging in Cell. The paper provided a unified framework: ageing is not a single mysterious decline, but a set of identifiable biological processes. Genomic instability. Telomere attrition. Mitochondrial dysfunction. Cellular senescence. Each of them is measurable. Each of them, increasingly, is targetable.

In the years since, the research has moved from theoretical biology into rigorous human clinical trials. Specific interventions — caloric restriction, exercise, sleep optimisation, and a small number of well-studied compounds including NMN and fucoidan — have demonstrated measurable effects on the hallmarks of ageing in human populations. Prime Ageing exists in this scientific space, not in the wellness space adjacent to it.

01

We follow the published research. Not the latest trend.

02

We name mechanisms. We don't market them.

03

Ageing is a process. Not a problem to deny.

The Hallmarks

The Nine Mechanisms Of Ageing.

All nine, named and explained.

From The Hallmarks of Aging (López-Otín et al., Cell, 2013), the foundational framework now taught at every major medical school. Each hallmark is a measurable biological process. Each is, increasingly, an intervention target.

01

Genomic Instability

DNA accumulates damage faster than your cells can repair it, leading to errors that drive disease and cellular dysfunction.

Targeted By Fucoidan · NMN
02

Telomere Attrition

The protective caps at the ends of your chromosomes shorten with each cell division, eventually triggering cellular ageing.

Targeted By Fucoidan (SIRT6)
03

Epigenetic Alterations

The chemical tags that control which genes are switched on or off drift with age, disrupting the cell's regulatory programme.

Targeted By Fucoidan · NMN
04

Loss of Proteostasis

The systems that fold, repair, and clear damaged proteins become less efficient, leading to harmful protein accumulation.

Targeted By Diet & exercise
05

Deregulated Nutrient Sensing

The cellular pathways (mTOR, AMPK, sirtuins) that respond to food and energy availability lose their fine-tuning with age.

Targeted By NMN · Diet
06

Mitochondrial Dysfunction

The cellular structures that produce energy become less efficient, producing more damage and less usable fuel over time.

Targeted By NMN (NAD+)
07

Cellular Senescence

Damaged cells stop dividing but refuse to die, accumulating into "zombie" cells that secrete inflammatory signals.

Targeted By Fucoidan
08

Stem Cell Exhaustion

The reservoirs of cells that replenish tissues are depleted with age, slowing the body's capacity to repair and regenerate.

Targeted By Emerging research
09

Altered Communication

Cells lose the ability to signal to each other clearly, driving chronic low-grade inflammation throughout the body.

Targeted By Fucoidan · Diet

A note on the framework. The Hallmarks of Aging was originally published with nine hallmarks in 2013. The 2023 update added three further hallmarks (disabled macroautophagy, chronic inflammation, dysbiosis) reflecting refinements in the field. The original nine remain the most rigorously studied and most clinically actionable.

The Pathways

Three Mechanisms. Three Interventions.

From nine hallmarks, the three with the strongest evidence.

Of the nine hallmarks of ageing, three pathways have accumulated the most rigorous human clinical evidence and the most actionable intervention research. These are the pathways Prime Ageing's formulas address.

Daily Life

From The Lab To The Morning.

The science only matters if it changes what you do.

The published research on the hallmarks of ageing is rigorous, voluminous, and genuinely useful. It is also useless if it stays in journals. The reason this science matters is because it points clearly at the daily inputs that influence your biology — and the published evidence on which inputs matter most is now substantial.

Three categories of intervention have the strongest combined evidence base across the longevity literature: plain food, real movement, and targeted supplementation. None of them are exotic. All of them are backed by decades of human clinical research. Together, they form the architecture of The Prime Protocol.

The Prime Protocol is the brand's complete framework for translating longevity science into a daily routine. It names what to eat, how to move, when to supplement, and which biological mechanism each input addresses. Not optimisation theatre. Just the inputs the research actually supports.

Read The Prime Protocol
The Prime Protocol

Three Pillars.

The science, translated into practice.

01
Fuel

Nutrition

The Mediterranean architecture. Evidence-based, plain, and actually sustainable.

02
Stress

Movement

Strength, cardiovascular work, and mobility. The body you want at 80 is built in your 50s.

03
Leverage

Supplementation

The molecules food and movement can't deliver. Two formulas, one coherent protocol.

"The protocol is the daily life expression of the science on this page."

The Research

The Sources We Trust.

Named, peer-reviewed, and verifiable.

Every scientific claim on this site is grounded in published, peer-reviewed research from the institutions and journals listed below. Where we describe a mechanism, we name the work behind it. Where we summarise a clinical trial, we cite the paper.

01 / Foundations

Foundational Science

The frameworks the field is built on.

  • López-Otín et al. The Hallmarks of Aging Cell · 2013 · framework paper
  • Imai & Guarente. NAD+ and Sirtuins in Aging Trends in Cell Biology · 2014
  • Mostoslavsky et al. SIRT6 & Genome Stability Cell · 2006 · SIRT6 foundational
  • Sinclair et al. NAD+ Decline With Age Multiple publications · ongoing
02 / Trials

Human Clinical Trials

Peer-reviewed, randomised, in human subjects.

  • Yoshino et al. NMN in Postmenopausal Women Science · 2021 · 25 participants · 10 weeks
  • Igarashi et al. NMN in Elderly Men NPJ Aging · 2022 · 42 participants · 12 weeks
  • Yi et al. NMN Dose-Response Trial Multicenter · 2023 · 80 participants · 60 days
  • Christen et al. NMN vs NR vs Nicotinamide Nature Metabolism · 2025 · 65 participants
03 / Institutions

Research Institutions

Where the work is happening.

  • Harvard Medical School Sinclair Lab · NAD+ & sirtuins
  • Washington University, St Louis Imai & Yoshino · NMN clinical research
  • University of Tokyo Igarashi et al. · geriatric NAD+ studies
  • Buck Institute · MIT · Cambridge Senescence, telomeres, geroscience

We don't quote sources we haven't read. We don't cite papers we haven't checked. Where the science is contested, we say so. Where it's settled, we say so. Where research is still emerging, we mark it as such. The credibility of this brand depends entirely on the credibility of the science behind it — which means treating the research with the seriousness it deserves. Always.